Encyclopedia

2106 entries · Page 1 of 36

• 16 mm film

  Motion-picture film approximately 16 millimetres wide, available with one or two perforated edges.

• 180-degree rule

  A continuity convention keeping cameras on one side of an established action axis.

• 2D Animator

  A 2D Animator creates movement and performance through drawn or digitally rigged images arranged over time. They establish key poses, breakdowns, timing, spacing, arcs, facial expression, lip sync, and overlap while following model sheets, layouts, dialogue, boards, and direction so characters remain expressive, readable, and consistent from frame to frame.

• 30-degree rule

  An editing guideline recommending a meaningful camera-angle change between similar successive shots.

• 35 mm film

  Motion-picture film approximately 35 millimetres wide, used in several camera and projection formats.

• 5.1 mix

  A six-channel surround layout with left, center, right, two surrounds, and an LFE channel.

• 65 mm negative

  A wide motion-picture camera negative format used for a large image area and high-resolution capture.

• 7.1 mix

  An eight-channel surround layout expanding front or surround spatial coverage beyond 5.1.

• 70 mm release print

  A wide exhibition print format that adds space beyond a 65 mm camera negative for soundtrack or handling.

• 8 mm film

  A family of narrow-gauge motion-picture formats using film approximately eight millimetres wide.

• A Camera Operator

  An A Camera Operator operates the production’s primary camera, usually covering the principal angle and establishing the framing and movement priorities around which additional cameras coordinate. They work closely with the Director, Cinematographer, actors, First AC, Dolly Grip, and B Camera Operator.

• AAC

  Advanced Audio Coding, a lossy audio codec widely used for distribution and streaming.

• AAF

  An interchange format that can carry editorial timeline, clip, and audio information between applications.

• Abby Singer shot

  The second-to-last planned camera setup of the shooting day, announced so departments can prepare for wrap.

• Above the line

  A budgeting classification for principal creative participants whose costs traditionally appear above a dividing line on a production budget top sheet.

• Absence-of-voltage test

  A verified test confirming electrical conductors are de-energized before they are treated as safe.

• Academy Primaries AP0

  The wide set of RGB primaries used by the ACES2065-1 interchange encoding.

• Academy Primaries AP1

  The RGB primaries used by ACEScg, ACEScc, and ACEScct working encodings.

• Accessibility plan

  A plan for accessible communication, physical access, accommodations, and audience or crew needs.

• Accommodation plan

  A controlled arrangement for production lodging, rooming, accessibility, security, check-in, and payment.

• ACES

  The Academy Color Encoding System, a color-managed framework for exchanging scene-referred image data.

• ACES input transform

  A transform converting a known camera or source encoding into the ACES reference framework.

• ACES output transform

  A transform mapping ACES scene-referred values to a specified display or mastering condition.

• ACES2065-1

  The core ACES scene-referred image encoding using AP0 primaries and linear-light values for interchange and archiving.

• ACEScc

  A logarithmic ACES color-grading image encoding based on the AP1 color primaries.

• ACEScct

  A logarithmic ACES encoding based on AP1 primaries and designed for color-grading operations.

• ACEScg

  A linear-light ACES working space using AP1 primaries, commonly used for computer graphics and compositing.

• Acoustic feedback loop

  A reinforcing loop in which loudspeaker output re-enters a microphone and is amplified repeatedly.

• Acoustic phase

  The relative timing position of periodic sound components, affecting addition and cancellation.

• Action

  The set call that tells performers and participating departments to begin the rehearsed action for a take.

• Action axis

  An imagined line through principal subjects or movement used to organize screen direction.

• Active-threat plan

  A coordinated response plan for credible violent or rapidly developing security threats.

• Actor

  An Actor interprets a character for the camera or microphone through prepared choices, truthful behavior, voice, movement, timing, and repeatable performance. They audition, research and rehearse material, collaborate with the Director and fellow performers, adjust to blocking and technical requirements, maintain continuity across takes, and safely execute the emotional and physical demands of each scene.

• Actor mark

  A discreet floor or spatial reference helping a performer repeat a position for camera, light, focus, or staging.

• Added scene

  A scene inserted after numbering is locked, usually assigned a lettered identifier.

• Additional Costumer

  An Additional Costumer joins the costume department for specific prep days, crowd calls, fittings, shooting units, or workload peaks. They pull and organize garments, assist fittings, dress performers, track assigned continuity, make approved alterations or repairs, manage returns and laundry, and follow the department’s labeling, paperwork, confidentiality, and chain-of-command systems without changing established design decisions.

• Additional Makeup Artist

  An Additional Makeup Artist joins for crowd days, second units, special looks, tests, or workload peaks and executes assigned makeup within the department’s approved design and sanitation system. They prepare their station, process performers efficiently, photograph continuity, maintain and reset looks, clean tools, track products, and report skin concerns, timing issues, or changes to department leadership.

• Administrative control

  A rule, schedule, procedure, training measure, or work practice that changes how exposure is managed.

• ADR

  Automated dialogue replacement: re-recording dialogue in sync with picture after principal photography.

• ADR cue sheet

  A list of replacement dialogue cues with scene, take, timing, performer, and recording notes.

• ADR editing

  The selection, timing, cleaning, and integration of recorded ADR with production sound.

• ADR Mixer

  An ADR Mixer records replacement dialogue, efforts, group voices, and pickups so performances synchronize with picture and can blend with production sound. They prepare the recording chain and cue system, choose microphones and acoustics, set clean levels, manage playback and talkback, label takes and metadata, preserve timing reference, and deliver organized recordings to ADR and dialogue editorial.

• ADR recording

  A studio session capturing replacement dialogue performed in synchronization with picture.

• ADR Supervisor

  An ADR Supervisor identifies dialogue that needs replacement or augmentation, prepares cue lists and reference, coordinates performers and recording sessions, guides line matching and performance with the Director, tracks alternate language or group work, edits and evaluates recorded takes, and delivers synchronized material that can blend convincingly with production dialogue in the final mix.

• Advance

  The pre-event exchange and confirmation of technical, schedule, venue, staffing, hospitality, and access requirements.

• Advancing

  The ongoing process of coordinating and documenting an event’s requirements with venues and suppliers before arrival.

• Aerial-lift safety

  Safe use of boom-supported elevated work platforms, including articulating and telescoping lifts.

• AES67

  An Audio Engineering Society interoperability standard for high-performance audio-over-IP streaming between compatible systems.

• AIFF

  Audio Interchange File Format, a container historically common for uncompressed professional audio.

• Air mortar

  A compressed-air effects device used to propel lightweight debris or material for a controlled burst.

• Air quality index

  A public scale communicating outdoor pollutant levels and associated health concern.

• Aircraft safety

  Production controls for filming with or around aircraft, flight operations, propellers, rotors, fuel, and active movement areas.

• Alan Smithee

  A historical Directors Guild pseudonym used in approved circumstances when a director successfully sought removal of their name from a screen credit.

• All-access credential

  A high-level event credential permitting entry to most controlled operational zones.

• Alpha channel

  A data channel that describes image transparency or matte coverage for compositing.

• Altitude illness

  Health effects caused by insufficient acclimatization to reduced oxygen at elevation.

• Ambience

  Background sound that establishes the continuous acoustic character of a place, time, or environment.

• Ambient light

  General illumination present in an environment apart from a specifically isolated key source.

• Ampacity

  The maximum current a conductor may carry continuously under stated conditions without exceeding its temperature rating.

• Ampere

  The unit used to measure electric current flowing through a conductor.

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